You have the option to perform the fire resistance design of surfaces using the reduced cross-section method. The reduction is applied over the surface thickness. It is possible to perform the design checks for all timber materials allowed for the design.
For cross-laminated timber, depending on the type of adhesive, you can select whether it is possible for individual carbonized layer parts to fall off, and whether you can expect increased charring in certain layer areas.
The Concrete Design add-on provides you with the option to perform the simplified fire resistance design according to EN 1992‑1‑2 for columns (Section 5.3.2) and beams (Section 5.6).
The following design checks are available for the simplified fire resistance design:
Columns: Minimum cross-sectional dimensions for rectangular and circular sections according to Table 5.2a as well as Equation 5.7 for calculating time of fire exposure
Beams: Minimum dimensions and center distances according to Table 5.5 and Table 5.6
You can determine the internal forces for the fire resistance design according to two methods.
1 Here, the internal forces of the accidental design situation are included directly into the design.
2 The internal forces of the design at normal temperature are reduced by the factor Eta,fi (ηfi), then used in the fire resistance design.
Furthermore, it is possible to modify the axis distance according to Eq. 5.5.
Within the "Plastic capacity design | Simplex Method" in RSECTION, the simultaneous variation of shear stresses over the cross-sectional area is performed in addition to the variation of axial stresses. This extended form of analysis allows you to use redistribution reserves, especially for the cross-sections subjected to shear loading, thus loading the cross-sections even more efficiently.
Did you know? In the Design Supports, you can now define fully threaded screws as transversal compression stiffening elements for the "Compression Perpendicular to Grain" design. In this case, the pressing-in and buckling of the bolts is analyzed.
Moreover, the design shear resistance is checked in the plane of the screw tip. The angle of dispersal can be considered as linear under 45° or nonlinear (according to Bejtka, I. (2005). Verstärkung von Bauteilen aus holz mit vollgewindeschrauben. KIT Scientific Publishing.).
In the Steel Joints add-on, you can design connections according to the American standard ANSI/AISC 360‑16. The following design procedures are integrated:
Design of tension, compression, bending, shear, torsion, and combined internal forces
Consideration of a notch
Design of compression perpendicular to the grain on the end and intermediate supports with (EC 5) and without reinforcement elements (fully threaded screws)
Optional shear force reduction at the support (see the Product Feature)
Design of curved and tapered members
Consideration of higher strengths for similar components that are close together (factor ksys according to EN 1995‑1‑1, 6.6(1)-(3))
Option to increase shear resistance for softwood timber according to DIN EN 1995‑1‑1:NA NDP to 6.1.7(2)
RFEM/RSTAB also provides a range of functions for the case of a fire. The program allows for the automatic generation of load and result combinations for the accidental design situation of fire design. The members to be designed with the corresponding internal forces are imported directly from RFEM/RSTAB. Also, all information about the material and cross-section is stored. You don't need to do anything else.
You only define the parameters relevant for the fire resistance design by assigning a fire resistance configuration to the members and surfaces to be designed. Moreover, you can also make further detailed settings, such as the definition of the fire exposure on one side up to all sides.
As you probably know, the design checks for the selected members are carried out, taking into account the defined charring time. All necessary reduction factors and coefficients are stored accordingly in the program and are taken into account when determining the load-bearing capacity. That saves you a lot of work.
The effective lengths for the equivalent member design are taken directly from the strength entries. You do not have to enter them again.
After completing the design, the program presents the fire resistance design checks clearly and with all result details. This allows you to follow the results completely transparently. The results also contain all the required parameters, so you can determine the component temperature at the design time.
In addition to all these features, the program allows you to integrate all result tables and graphics, including the ultimate and serviceability limit state results,into the global printout report of RFEM/RSTAB as a part of the steel design results.
There is often no fire resistance design for the lateral supports of a structure. Would you like to handle this differently in your project? In order to consider this in the calculation, you can define other equivalent member lengths for the fire situation.
The structural analysis programs RFEM/RSTAB offer you a wide range of automated functions that make your dayily work easier. One of them is the automatic generation of load and result combinations for the accidental design situation of fire design. The members to be designed with the corresponding internal forces are imported directly from RFEM/RSTAB. You don't need to do anything else. The program has also already stored all information about the material and cross-section for you.
By assigning a fire resistance configuration to the members to be designed, you define the parameters relevant for the fire resistance design. Here you can manually specify the critical steel temperature at the design time. Or let the program to determine the temperature determined automatically for a specified fire duration. You can select from various fire temperature curves and fire protection measures. It is also possible to make further detailed settings, such as the definition of the fire exposure on all sides or three sides
The design checks for the members you have selected are carried out taking into account the governing component temperature. You can perform the cross-section design checks and stability analyses according to EN 1993‑1‑2, Section 4.2.3, in the Steel Design add-on. All reduction factors and coefficients that are necessary are stored accordingly and are taken into account when determining the load-bearing capacity.
The effective lengths for the equivalent member design are taken directly from the strength entries. You don't need to enter them again.
In each design, perform the cross-section classification first. For the cross-sections of Class 4, the design is performed automatically according to EN 1993‑1‑2, Annex E.
After completing the design, the Dlubal Software presents the fire resistance design checks clearly and with all result details. This makes the results comprehensible in detail. Furthermore, the results also contain all the parameters required for the determination of the component temperature at the design time.
You can also specifically evaluate the temperature distribution in the structural component using the temperature-time diagram.
All result tables and graphics, including the ultimate and serviceability limit state results, can be integrated into the global printout report of RFEM/RSTAB as a part of the steel design results.
Perform the fire resistance design with a reduced load-bearing capacity according to the component temperature determined automatically right at the design time. You can determine this automatically according to various temperature curves in the program (a standard temperature-time curve, an external fire curve, a hydrocarbon curve). For other types of temperature determination, it is also possible for you to manually specify the temperature to be applied in the design. You can determine this, for example, according to the parametric temperature-time curve from DIN EN 1991‑1‑2 or from a fire protection report.
The component temperature to be applied at the design time is determined automatically. You can adjust the coefficients used to determine the temperature. In this step, it is best for you to also select the hot-dip galvanizing. According to the DASt Guideline 027 "Determination of Component Temperature of Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel Components in Case of Fire", a lower emissivity of the steel surface is applied up to a limit temperature. Overall, this gives you a lower temperature for the thus more favorable fire resistance design.
The governing component temperature at the time of analysis can be determined for the fire resistance design automatically using the input. In this case, you can follow the temperature curve in detail as a function of timeby displaying the temperature-time diagram.
Reinforced concrete usually answers the question "How much can you carry?" simply with "Yes". Nevertheless, you need a three-dimensional moment-moment-axial force interaction diagram for the graphical output of the ultimate limit state of reinforced concrete cross-sections. The Dlubal structural analysis software offers you just that.
With the additional display of the load action, you can easily recognize or visualize whether the limit resistance of a reinforced concrete cross-section is exceeded. Since you can control the diagram properties, you can customize the appearance of the My-Mz-N diagram to suit your needs.
Did you know that you can also display the moment-axial force interaction diagrams (M‑N diagrams) graphically? This allows you to display the cross-section resistance in the case of an interaction of a bending moment and an axial force. In addition to the interaction diagrams related to the cross-section axes (My‑N diagram and Mz‑N diagram), you can also generate an individual moment vector to create an Mres‑N interaction diagram. You can display the section plane of the M‑N diagrams in the 3D interaction diagram. The program displays the corresponding value pairs of the ultimate limit state in a table. The table is dynamically linked to the diagram so that the selected limit point is also displayed in the diagram.
Do you want to determine the biaxial bending resistance of a reinforced concrete cross-section? For this, you have to activate a moment-moment interaction diagram (My-Mz diagram) first. This My-Mz diagram represents a horizontal section through the three-dimensional diagram for the specified axial force N. Due to the coupling to the 3D interaction diagram, you can also visualize the section plane there.
Calculation of stationary incompressible turbulent wind flow using the SimpleFOAM solver from the OpenFOAM® software package
Numerical scheme according to the first and second order
Turbulence models RAS k-ω and RAS k-ε
Consideration of surface roughness depending on model zones
Model design via VTP, STL, OBJ, and IFC files
Operation via bidirectional interface of RFEM or RSTAB for importing model geometries with standard-based wind loads and exporting wind load cases with probe-based printout report tables
Intuitive model changes via drag & drop and graphical adjustment assistance
Generation of a shrink-wrap mesh envelope around the model geometry
Consideration of environmental objects (buildings, terrain, and so on)
Height-dependent description of the wind load (wind speed and turbulence intensity)
Automatic meshing depending on a selected depth of detail
Consideration of layer meshes near the model surfaces
Parallelized calculation with optimal utilization of all processor cores of a computer
Graphical output of the surface results on the model surfaces (surface pressure, Cp coefficients)
Graphical output of the flow field and vector results (pressure field, velocity field, turbulence – k-ω field, and turbulence – k-ε field, velocity vectors) on Clipper/Slicer planes
Display of 3D wind flow via animated streamline graphics
Definition of point and line probes
Multilingual user interface (German, English, Czech, Spanish, French, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, and Chinese)
Calculations of several models in one batch process
Generator for creating rotated models to simulate different wind directions
Optional interruption and continuation of the calculation
Individual color panel per result graphic
Display of diagrams with separate output of results on both sides of a surface
Output of the dimensionless wall distance y+ in the mesh inspector details for the simplified model mesh
Determination of the shear stress on the model surface from the flow around the model
Calculation with an alternative convergence criterion (you can select between the residual types pressure or flow resistance in the simulation parameters)
By solving the numerical flow problem, you can obtain the following results on and around the model:
Pressure on structure surface
Coefficient Cp distribution on the structure surfaces
Pressure field about the structure geometry
Velocity field about the structure geometry
Turbulence k-ω field about the structure geometry
Turbulence k-ε field about the structure geometry
Velocity vectors about the structure geometry
Streamlines about the structure geometry
Forces on member-shaped structures that were originally generated from member elements
Convergence diagram
Direction and size of the flow resistance of the defined structures
Despite this amount of information, RWIND 2 remains clearly arranged, as is typical for the Dlubal programs. You can specify freely definable zones for a graphic evaluation. Voluminously displayed flow results about the structure geometry are often confusing – you know the problem for sure. That's why RWIND Basic provides freely movable section planes for the separate display of the "solid results" in a plane. For the 3D branched streamline result, you have an option to select between a static and an animated display in the form of moving line segments or particles. This option helps you to represent the wind flow as a dynamic effect.
You can export all results as a picture or, especially for the animated results, as a video.
Make sure nothing collapses on you: To estimate the resistance of member cross-sections, it is possible to display the unit stresses for the unit loads N = 1 kiP, My = 1 kiP/ft, and so on, when selecting the cross-sections.
Compared to the RF‑/TIMBER Pro add-on module (RFEM 5 / RSTAB 8), the following new features have been added to the Timber Design add-on for RFEM 6 / RSTAB 9:
In addition to Eurocode 5, other international standards are integrated (SIA 265, ANSI/AWC NDS, CSA O86, GB 50005)
Design of compression perpendicular to grain (support pressure)
Implementation of eigenvalue solver for determining the critical moment for lateral-torsional buckling (EC 5 only)
Definition of different effective lengths for design at normal temperature and fire resistance design
Evaluation of stresses via unit stresses (FEA)
Optimized stability analyses for tapered members
Unification of the materials for all national annexes (only one "EN" standard is now available in the material library for a better overview)
Display of cross-section weakenings directly in the rendering
Output of the used design check formulas (including a reference to the used equation from the standard)
The program can also help you here. It determines the bolt forces on the basis of the calculation on the FE model and evaluates them automatically. You can perform the design checks of the bolt resistance for the failure cases tension, shear, hole bearing, and punching shear according to the standard. The program takes care of everything else in this step. It determines all the necessary coefficients and displays them clearly.
Do you want to perform weld design? The required stresses are also determined on the FE model in that case. Then, the Weld element is modeled as elastic-plastic shell element, where every FE element is checked for its internal forces. (Plasticity criteria is set to reflect failure acc. to AISC J2-4 and J2-5 (weld resistance check) and also J2-2 (base metal capacity check). The design can also be carried out with the partial safety factors according to the selected National Annex.
You can perform the plate design plasticall by comparing the existing plastic strain to the allowable plastic strain. By default this is set to 5% for the AISC 360 but can be specified through user-definition 5% according to EN 1993-1-5, Annex C, or again, user-defined specification.
Do you want to perform the bending failure design? To do this, analyze the governing locations of the column for axial forces and moments. For the shear resistance design, you can also consider the locations with extreme values of shear forces. During the calculation, you determine whether a standard design is sufficient or whether the column with the moments has to be designed according to the second-order theory. You can then determine these moments using the previously entered specifications. The calculation is divided into three parts:
Load-independent calculation steps
Iterative determination of governing loading taking into account a varying required reinforcement
Safety determination of all acting internal forces, including the designed reinforcement
After a successful calculation, the results are displayed in clearly arranged tables. Each intermediate value is absolutely traceable, making the design checks transparent.
You have two options in RFEM. On the one hand, you can determine the punching load from a single load (from column/loading/nodal support) and the smoothed or unsmoothed shear force distribution along the control perimeter. On the other hand, you can specify them as user-defined.
Calculate the design ratio of the punching shear resistance without punching reinforcement as a design criterion and the program will deliver you the corresponding result. In the case of exceeding the punching shear resistance without punching reinforcement, the program determines the required punching reinforcement as well as the required longitudinal reinforcement for you.
Is the design completed? Then sit back. Because the punching checks are presented for you clearly and with all result details. This allows you to precisely follow each result. The program shows you the provided and allowable shear stresses for the shear resistance of the slab in detail.
RFEM has even more to offer in this add-on. In the next result window, it lists the required longitudinal or punching reinforcement of each analyzed node. You can also find an explanatory graphic there. RFEM shows you the design results clearly displayed with values in the work window. You can integrate all result tables and graphics into the global printout report of RFEM. Thus, you can be sure of a clear documentation.